Many years later, when Hu Weiwu thought of his tutor Academician Xia Peisu, he was still full of emotion. "My greatest wish in this life is to do well in China's computer industry, our generation did not do well, you should do better than me." This is a word that academician Xia Peisu repeatedly said to his disciples. In 2014, Xia Peisu, an academician who led the development of China's first electronic computer, passed away in Beijing. Seven years later, in December 2021, Hu Weiwu, Academician Xia's proud student, "Father of Longson" and chairman of Longson Zhongke, took China's independent general purpose CPU processor "Longson" to the market on the Science and Technology Innovation Board. The listing of Loongson was news three months ago, but the story of China's chips has to be told from 40 years ago. 01, for the motherland, China's chip industry started, is not late, on the contrary, for a long period of time ****. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, a number of leading masters in the semiconductor field returned to the People's Republic of China and laid the foundation of China's semiconductor industry. Two bombs and a star of the magnificent, still inspiring, Qian Xuesen, Deng Jiaxian return to the country is familiar with the story, these talents, cast the guard of political peace of the country's heavy instruments, rising into the clouds of the east wind missile, quietly guard the peace of the motherland. In fact, few people know that at that time, among the scientists who had gone through many difficulties to return to China, there were many semiconductor experts, who were intoxicated by the square inch of silicon wafers, full of national ideals, and led China's semiconductor industry to hit a blue sky in the 1950s and 1960s. At the age of 17, Xie Hid was permanently disabled due to bone and joint tuberculosis and could not bend his right leg. Three years later, Xie Xide, with his superhuman perseverance and incomparable talent, entered the physics department of Xiamen University. At that time, China was in the difficult period of the war of resistance against Japan, and far away on the other side of the ocean, Britain had just completed the evacuation of Dunkirk. In 1947, Xie went to the United States to study, and later received a doctorate in theoretical physics from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. After graduation, he followed the American solid state physicist Slater to engage in theoretical research on semiconductor properties in microwave resonators, which laid the foundation for Xie's scientific research in the semiconductor field. In 1952, looking at the booming new motherland, Xie hid and her boyfriend Cao Tianqin, who studied in Britain, discussed returning home. Their plan was very elaborate, Shahid first escaped from the United States, went to the United Kingdom to marry, and then returned from the United Kingdom together. With the help of Needham, an expert in the history of science, the two arrived at Shanghai Railway Station in October. Xie Xide came to Fudan University as a professor of physics. The later story is that Xie Xide devoted his life to the cause of physics and semiconductors in China. At the time, Soviet textbooks were widely used in Chinese universities, but Xie wrote them himself. In 1956, the party issued a great call to "march to science", under the auspices of Premier Zhou Enlai, Peking University, Fudan University and other five universities opened China's first semiconductor professional training class, "the mother of China's semiconductor" Xie Xide as deputy director. In 1958, Huang Kun and Xie Xide co-edited "Semiconductor Physics" was printed, and later, almost the entire 20th century Chinese semiconductor researchers read this textbook. In the Fudan University drama "Xie Xide", Xie Xide said affectionately: "I am like a wild goose, in the cold wind withered million trees in the winter, had to leave home, now spring back to the earth, I want to fly back to the motherland, to cultivate, to struggle!" The fire in Xie Xide's heart, supporting her constantly moving forward, the result of hard work, is to open the flower of China's semiconductor industry research foundation. In 1983, Xie Xide became president of Fudan University, becoming the first female university president in China. Under the leadership of patriotic scientists such as Huang Kun, Xie Xide, Xia Peisu, Gao Dingsan, Wu Xijiu, Lin Lanying, and Huang Chang, the semiconductor industry in New China has developed vigorously. 02, looking back at the lights in 1965, the Chinese Academy of Sciences developed a 65 contact lithography machine. In 1980, Tsinghua University launched a self-developed projection lithography machine, which achieved the same 3-micron accuracy as the American lithography machine. At this time, China's lithography technology is at the forefront of the world, enough to match Europe and the United States, South Korea and the Netherlands for 5-15 years. Hu Weiwu was born in 1968 in Yongkang, Zhejiang Province. This county-level city, managed by Jinhua City, is full of low mountains and hills, which also seems to reflect Hu Weiwu's life, full of ups and downs. In 1986, Hu Weiwu entered the University of Science and Technology of China to study computer science. In 1991, he graduated from the undergraduate program, and obtained the opportunity to study directly without examination, under the guidance of academician Xia Peisu, a leading computer expert. The glorious stage of the rapid development of China's semiconductor industry shocked Hu Weiwu's boyhood. However, in the 1970s and 1980s, the situation took a sharp turn, and the Western authorities signed the Wassenaar Agreement, blocked China's technology and technology, and strangled China's semiconductors by the neck with violence and litigation. At the same time, the ideological trend of "making is better than buying" swept China, and a large number of imported products killed China's vulnerable industrial industry, and the third factory of Wuhan, which produced lithography machines, was forced to transform into a food factory. China's chip research directly fell behind the cliff, suddenly more than ten years behind Europe and the United States. Despite the bleak environment, there are still a large number of national entrepreneurs who know that China needs to have China's own technology, and a large number of Chinese chip companies were born. The government also realized the strategic importance of the chip, and the "908" and "909" projects were launched in the early 1990s. In 1988, Shanghai Beiling Microelectronics Manufacturing Co., Ltd. was established in Caohejing, Shanghai, and set up the first 4-inch production line in China. In 1992, the old man drew a circle on the South coast, and delivered a speech on the southern tour, among which there was a well-known sentence: "Science and technology are the most productive forces." Few people know that this sentence is said when the chief designer visits Shanghai Beiling. Hu Weiwu, who witnessed the ups and downs of China's chip development, made a difficult decision that he would devote his life to "China Core". In 2000, the Chinese Academy of Sciences intended to set up a chip project, but because of the past "Hanxin change" event, chip research and development has a "identification meeting is a memorial service" magic spell, therefore, the Chinese Academy of Sciences chip project has been delayed. At this time, Hu Weiwu stood out and made a military warrant: "Do not make a general chip, raise your head to see!" Beijing's Hu Weiwu in the "wind Xiao Xiao Xi easy water cold" of the tragic bold, Shanghai side, Zhang Rujing with more than 400 Texas Instruments and Taiwan world engineers, moved his family, from Taiwan to Shanghai. Xu Kuangdi, the mayor of Shanghai at the time, personally took Zhang Rujing to mark out the land for the fab on Zhangjiang's farmland in Pudong. Zhang Rujing and Xie Xide met in this time and space in such a way. In the same year that Rujing Zhang came to Shanghai, Xie Xide died. Not being able to see the success of Chinese chip research and development is Xie Hid's regret. Zhang Rujing, a native of Hebei, followed his father south to Taiwan in 1949. At the age of 21, he graduated from Taiwan University with honors and went to the United States to study. After graduation, he joined Texas Instruments and opened 10 chip manufacturing plants around the world. Zhang Rujing, who has rich experience in building factories, raised 1 billion US dollars in just one year, and the 909 project of the nation's power at that time was only 1.25 billion US dollars. Zhang Rujing came to Shanghai with the heart of chip serving the country, and gave the company a loud name - "SMIC". Later, SMIC once became one of the world's three largest wafer foundries. Hu Weiwu and Zhang Rujing, on the one hand, represent the efforts of the Chinese Academy of Scientific Research "from the laboratory to the market", on the other hand, represent the attempt of national entrepreneurs "from the commodity economy to reverse technology." Together, they have become the epitome of China's chip technology research and development breakthroughs. 03, when the blockade reappears, Hu Weiwu loves to wear a stand collar MAO suit, often wearing the Party constitution on the chest. Hu Weiwu's first insistence is to "adhere to the fundamental purpose of doing Longson for the people." From the launch of the Longson project in 2000 to the establishment of Longson Zhongke Technology Co., Ltd. in 2010, the 10 years, Longson has always been a research group under the Chinese Academy of Sciences. The reason for the delay in corporate operation is that the project team lacks confidence in chip industrialization. No one knows when Longson can embark on the road of industrialization, and almost even Hu Weiwu himself believes that at that time, Longson will lose money. However, the existence of Longson represents the continuation of China's chip research and development, as long as Longson is in, there is hope for Chinese chips. Smic was soon put into production with the support of the Shanghai municipal government. Early SMIC, relying on the acquisition of second-hand equipment for production, at the same time, great attention to talent, Rujing Chang, began to large-scale from TSMC and other semiconductor industry to dig people, new employees, Rujing Chang to personally train. Under the operation of Zhang Rujing's network, the US Departments of State, Commerce, Defense and Energy allowed SMIC to break through the embargo provisions of the Wassenaar Agreement, so that SMIC got 0.13 micron advanced technology. Since then, Zhang Rujing has made great progress all the way, in 3 years, 6 factories, 5 production lines, and become the world's third largest foundry. The storm also unfolded, and Shanghai's Zhang Rujing was in full swing, ready to catch up with the power. From the year SMIC was founded, Chen Shui-bian repeatedly fined Chang Ru-ching, and in 2005, he simply revoked Chang's Taiwan hukou. $7.5 billion, payable over six years. In 2006, SMIC broke through the 45 nanometer technology, ready to go public financing, TSMC again, the California court with political factors, in 2009 decided SMIC lost the case, compensation of 200 million US dollars, plus 10% of the shares. Of course, TSMC has an additional requirement, that is: Chang Ru-ching, out. A few hours later, SMIC announced that Zhang Rujing was resigning and banned from the chip industry for three years. 04, the sun began to rise in 2002, Longson 1 was successfully developed and passed identification. At the press conference, Hu Weiwu confessed that Longson No. 1 is not advanced, but now a piece of white paper, do it first. Longson wants to realize the corner overtaking of domestic chips through the strategy of triple jump, and Longson 1 is just the starting point. Loongson is in such an impenetrable political imprisonment and technical blockade, hard to take deep roots. From the success of research and development in the laboratory to industrialization, Loongson has gone for a full 10 years. In fact, for domestic chips, research and development is not the most difficult, mass production is a bigger problem. In the laboratory, fine workmanship, the manufacture of a chip, can only represent the success of theoretical physics, if you can not achieve large-scale mass production, domestic chips are meaningless. There are three difficulties in mass production of chips. It is difficult to produce good products, the laboratory environment is carefully arranged, the indicators are very strict, but to be produced in the factory, naturally there will be no exquisite environment of the laboratory, if the production process can not keep up, the rate of good products will be extremely bleak; The second is difficult, although the chip is independent research and development, but the upstream and downstream industry chain of the chip, the chip production machine, everywhere is the trenches of foreign enterprises, to completely bypass, it is even more difficult; Third, the ecology is difficult, there is a chip, there is no corresponding software ecology, for a computer without software, will not be recognized by the market, make to use, only someone to buy. To do semiconductors, to do chips, silicon is crucial upstream. In 2014, a new semiconductor technology company was established in Shanghai, and it took more than two years to manufacture China's first 300mm monocrystalline silicon ingot, and two years later, large-scale production was achieved. In 2018, under the investment of Aucma, Qingdao Xinen was established, and in 2021, it announced the success of 8-inch factory investment, and the yield rate reached more than 90%. The founder of both companies is named Rujing Chang. In 2010, in order to solve the problem of the industrialization of Longson, Hu Weiwu, with the research group of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, chose to go to sea, separated from the Chinese Academy of Sciences, established Longson Zhongke, and began to operate as a company. The team of Longxin Zhongke is all Hu Weiwu's students and researchers. These scientists, are the best talent, Zhang Ge junior class, 18 years old in the Chinese Academy of Sciences master degree, 23 years old doctoral graduation, 25 years old associate researcher, 26 years old to follow Hu Weiwu resigned into the sea. There are five doctoral students, in order to Longxin industrialization, the doctor does not read, directly into the sea. In December 2021, Longson submitted its prospectus in the Science and Technology Board, and the Municipal Party Committee announced on the Science and Technology Board: "The company has no audit opinions that need to be implemented, and it will pass the meeting unconditionally." Let the world hear the dragon sing. In 2021, Hu Weiwu said proudly in his speech at the Moment talks: "We have completed the technical remedial lesson, and the performance of the new Loongson * CPU is very close to the mainstream CPU in the market, and the user experience may be better than it." 05, the new generation of guns out of the dragon 500 million years ago, the vast sea, boundless, as full of opportunities in the blue ocean. Millions of cells were ready to stir, life was born, and an explosion of invertebrates was born for the Cambrian period. The Cambrian is the first period of the Phanerozoic. What is the Phanerozoic Eon? The manifestation of living things is "manifestation". With the accumulation of technology, in April 2021, Loongson's independent instruction Architecture passed the evaluation and was officially released to the public, and in July, it was released a new generation of pure domestic PC processor "Loongson 3A5000" based on the Loongson Architecture. From the performance point of view, the Loongson 3A5000 has been close to the level of Intel i5, in the past, the performance of Chinese chips has been far behind, and now it has been able to look at it. In addition to hardware, the most critical part of domestic substitution is the software ecology. On this core, electronic enthusiasts have successfully run a number of games such as "Red Alert 3", "Warcraft 3" and "Immortal Sword Love", and domestic CPU software ecology seems to see the dawn. This is thanks to the binary translation technology vigorously promoted by Hu Weiwu, through the virtual machine method of hardware and software combination, x86 programs run on the dragon Son, which is of great significance in the early software ecological complement. But today, it is hard to say that Loongson is at the forefront of the world. The meaning of Loongson to China is more like a tinder, spreading the faith of China Core in the land of the motherland. Chen Yunji, the main architect of Longson 3, did not choose to go to the sea to establish Longson Middle Science in 2010, and chose to continue to stay in the Chinese Academy of Sciences to engage in basic research. Chen Yunji did not join Longxin Zhongke because he had a new career. It has to be said that in China's chip industry, from the point of view of the city, Shanghai is the industrial forest, from the point of view of university research institute, the Chinese Academy of Sciences is the cradle of talent. Chen Yunji was born in 1983, enrolled in the junior class of the University of Science and Technology of China at the age of 14, followed Hu Weiwu to start the Longson project, and became the main architect of Longson No. 3, and obtained a PhD in computer science at the age of 24. Most people are loners on the road to scientific research, but Chen Yunji is not alone because he has his younger brother to accompany him. At the age of 25, Chen Yunji and his brother Chen Tianshi began the research and development of artificial intelligence deep neural network chip Cambrian chip. Like his older brother, Chen Tianshi is also a talented boy, enrolled in the junior class of the University of Science and Technology of China at 16, earned a doctorate at the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and worked as a researcher.